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MODULATION
PART 1 ANALOGUE MODULATION
Contents
1. SIGNALS AND SPECTRA
1.1 Periodic Signals
1.1.1 Spectrum
1.1.2 Power Spectrum
1.2 Aperiodic Signals
1.2.1 Calculation of Spectral Density
1.2.2 The Delta Function
1.2.3 Energy Spectrum
1.3 How to Measure Spectra
1.3.1 The Spectrum Analyzer
1.3.2 The Resolution Bandwidth
1.3.3 Mixer Overload Appendix to Chapter 1
2. AMPLITUDE MODULATION
2.1 AM Spectrum
2.1.1 Sinusoidal Modulating Signal
2.1.2 Periodic Modulation Signal
2.1.3 Arbitrary Modulation Signal
2.2 Noise Analysis
2.2.1 Stochastic Signals
2.2.2 Linear Systems
2.2.3 Narrowband Signals
2.2.4 Signal-to-Noise Ratio for a Reference System
2.2.5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio for a DSB System
2.2.6 Modulation Gain and Bandwidth Expansion
2.3 Circuits for Modulation and Demodulation
2.3.1 Grid Modulation
2.3.2 The Envelope Detector Appendix to Chapter 2
3. AMPLITUDE MODULATION DSB-SC, SSB & QAM 3.1
3.1 Suppressed Carrier 3.1
3.1.1 Balanced Modulator 3.4
3.1.2 DSB-SC Signal Demodulation 3.4
3.1.3 Signal-to-noise Ratio 3.8
3.2 Single Sideband (SSB) 3.9
3.2.1 Noise Analysis 3.9
3.3 Vestigial Sideband (VSB) 3.10
3.4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) 3.12
Appendix to Chapter 3 3.15
4. INTERMODULATION 4.i
4.1 Level Dependence 4.4
4.2 Intermodulation of Higher Order than Three 4.5
5. FREQUENCY AND PHASE MODULATION 5.1
5.1 FM and PM Spectrum 5.3
5.1.1 Frequency Deviation Measurement 5.9
5.2 Noise Analysis 5.11
5.2.1 Frequency Modulation 5.11
5.2.2 Phase Modulation 5.18
5.2.3 Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio 5.21
5.3 Circuits for Modulation and Demodulation 5.23
5.3.1 Varicap Diode Modulator 5.23
5.3.2 Armstrong Modulator 5.24
5.3.3 Simple FM Discriminator 5.25
5.3.4 Balanced Slope Detector 5.26
5.3.5 Quadrature FM Detector 5.26
Appendix to Chapter 5 5.29
6. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT MODULATSON SYSTEMS 6.1
6.1 Modulation Gain and Bandwidth Expansion 6.1
6.2 Sensitivity to Interference and Noise 6.4
8.2.1 1-Q Diagram
8.2.2 Basis Functions
8.3 Signal Detection
8.3.1 Effects of Noise
8.3.2 Intersymbol Interference (ISI)
8.4 Digital Radio Spectrum
8.4.1 Filtering Appendix to Chapter 8
9. MODULATION SCHEMES FOR DIGITAL SYSTCMS
9.1 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
9.2 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
9.3 Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
9.3.1 Differential PSK
9.3.2 Spectrum Efficiency
9.3.3 Error Probability
9.4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
9.4.1 Choice of Modulating System
9.4.2 Modulator and Demodulator Implementation
9.5 Practical Problems
9.5.1 Impairments
9.5.2 Constellation Diagrams
9.6 Digital Radio-Relay Systems Appendix to Chapter 9
10. COMBINED DIGITAL CODING AND MODULATION
10.1 Encoding
10.2 Decoding
10.3 Symbol Error Probability
11. DIGITAL SOUND AND VIDEO BROADCASTING
11.1 Digital Stereo Sound for TV
11.2 Digital Audio Broadcasting - DAB
11.2.1 Audio Signal Encoding
11.2.2 Modulation
11.2.3 Frequency Planning
11.3 Digital Television
11.3.1 System Overview
11.3.2 Frequency Planning Appendix to Chapter 11
12. DIGITAL MOBILE SYSTEMS
12.1 Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
12.2 GSM, ADC, and PDC - a Comparison
12.3 Digital Cordless Telephony and Personal Communications
13. MODULATION SCHEMES FOR DIGITAL MOBILE SYSTEMS
13.1 тс/4 Shift Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Tt/4-DQPSK)
13.2 Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)
13.3 Fast Frequency Shift Keying (FFSK)
13.4 Gaussian Baseband Filtered MSK (GMSK)
13.5 Generalized Tamed Frequency Modulation (GTFM)
13.6 Full Response and Partial Response Signalling
13.7 GMSK Modulation for GSM Appendix to Chapter 13
14. SPREAD SPECTRUM
14.1 Direct Sequence System
14.2 CDMA System
14.3 Synchronization
14.4 Code Generation
14.5 Frequency Hopping
14.6 Pulse-FM or Chirp
15. SUMMARY
15.1 Important Facts & Formulas
15.2 Modulation Systems - Features and Applications
15.3 Multiplex Types
LITERATURE
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