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“Safe” State Machines
If the number of states (N) is a power of 2, and you use a binary or gray-code encoding algorithm, the state machine is “safe”. This ensures that you have M number of registers where N = 2M. Because all of the possible state values (or register statuses) are reachable, the design is “safe.”
“Unsafe” State Machines
If the number of states is not a power of 2, or if you do not use binary or gray-code encoding algorithm, e.g. one-hot, the state machine is “unsafe.”
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Creating Safe State Machines
By Sam Zhong Zhang Technical Marketing Engineer
Mentor Graphics Corporation
E-mail: 
info@telesys.ru
